Assessment of Indoor/outdoor Particulate Matter in Residential Building: Tehran Metropolis, Iran
Indoor Air Quality and the prediction of indoor pollution levels have become more important subjects for health risks. This research will be investigated the ratio of the concentration of particles inside and outside residential houses in Tehran. The particulate matter (PM) sampling was performed in...
| Autor: | |
|---|---|
| Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
| Estado: | Published version |
| Data de publicação: | 2023 |
| País: | México |
| Recursos: | UNAM |
| Repositório: | Geofísica Internacional |
| Idioma: | Espanhol |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:revistagi.geofisica.unam.mx:article/1714 |
| Acesso em linha: | http://revistagi.geofisica.unam.mx/index.php/RGI/article/view/1714 |
| Nível de acesso: | Acesso aberto |
| Palavra-chave: | Edificio residencial Concentración interior/exterior PM≤0,4 PM2,5 SEM/EDX Residential Building Indoor/Outdoor concentration PM0.4; PM2.5 SEM |
| _version_ | 1878410139136950272 |
|---|---|
| author | Oroji, Balal |
| author_browse | Oroji, Balal |
| author_facet | Oroji, Balal |
| author_role | author |
| collection | Geofísica Internacional |
| description | Indoor Air Quality and the prediction of indoor pollution levels have become more important subjects for health risks. This research will be investigated the ratio of the concentration of particles inside and outside residential houses in Tehran. The particulate matter (PM) sampling was performed in four seasons from August 2020 to July 2021. Four stations were selected as fixed sampling stations and sampling time varied from 6 hours to 12 hours. Due to the risk of fine particles and the possibility of their impact on human health, in this study, PM 0.4 and PM 2.5 were examined. A multi-stage virtual shock absorber that traps particles on steel plates with a constant airflow was used for sampling. The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) methods were used to study the size, morphology, and chemical composition and analyze the total concentration of particulate matter (PM). The results showed that in most stations, the penetration of outdoor particles into the building in the cold season was more than in the hot season. Due to the use of natural ventilation in most residential buildings in the study area, the I/O ratio of PM 2.5 and PM 0.4 was on average more than 0.752. At some stations in March, April, and May the I/O ratio was over 0.965. According to these results, in the eastern area, the exposure to particulate matter (PM) with a diameter of less than 0.4 µm was higher than in other areas.Also, the results showed that the average effect of the ventilation factor in the studied area for the whole year was about 38.4%. Meanwhile, this amount was 19.4 and 13% forthe factors of cooking and activity, respectively. The average effect of factors of building age and smoking were 7.6 and 21.6%, respectively. The results of the SEM method showed that the penetration of pollutants outdoor the building has a great effect on the concentration of particles indoor. |
| eu_rights_str_mv | openAccess |
| format | article |
| id | MX_fa90722db36f66fa38528818c2e35b6a |
| identifier_str_mv | 10.22201/igeof.2954436xe.2023.62.3.1714 |
| institution | UNAM |
| instname_str | UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO |
| language | spa |
| network_acronym_str | MX |
| network_name_str | México |
| oai_identifier_str | oai:revistagi.geofisica.unam.mx:article/1714 |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| publishDateSort | 2023 |
| publisher | Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Instituto de Geofísica |
| publisherStr | Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Instituto de Geofísica |
| reponame_str | Geofísica Internacional |
| spelling | Assessment of Indoor/outdoor Particulate Matter in Residential Building: Tehran Metropolis, Iran Oroji, Balal Edificio residencial Concentración interior/exterior PM≤0,4 PM2,5 SEM/EDX Residential Building Indoor/Outdoor concentration PM0.4; PM2.5 SEM Indoor Air Quality and the prediction of indoor pollution levels have become more important subjects for health risks. This research will be investigated the ratio of the concentration of particles inside and outside residential houses in Tehran. The particulate matter (PM) sampling was performed in four seasons from August 2020 to July 2021. Four stations were selected as fixed sampling stations and sampling time varied from 6 hours to 12 hours. Due to the risk of fine particles and the possibility of their impact on human health, in this study, PM 0.4 and PM 2.5 were examined. A multi-stage virtual shock absorber that traps particles on steel plates with a constant airflow was used for sampling. The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) methods were used to study the size, morphology, and chemical composition and analyze the total concentration of particulate matter (PM). The results showed that in most stations, the penetration of outdoor particles into the building in the cold season was more than in the hot season. Due to the use of natural ventilation in most residential buildings in the study area, the I/O ratio of PM 2.5 and PM 0.4 was on average more than 0.752. At some stations in March, April, and May the I/O ratio was over 0.965. According to these results, in the eastern area, the exposure to particulate matter (PM) with a diameter of less than 0.4 µm was higher than in other areas.Also, the results showed that the average effect of the ventilation factor in the studied area for the whole year was about 38.4%. Meanwhile, this amount was 19.4 and 13% forthe factors of cooking and activity, respectively. The average effect of factors of building age and smoking were 7.6 and 21.6%, respectively. The results of the SEM method showed that the penetration of pollutants outdoor the building has a great effect on the concentration of particles indoor. La calidad del aire interior y la predicción de los niveles de contaminación interior se han convertido en temas más importantes para los riesgos para la salud. Esta investigación se investigará la proporción de la concentración de partículas dentro y fuera de las casas residenciales en Teherán. El muestreo de material particulado (PM) se realizó en cuatro temporadas desde agosto de 2020 hasta julio de 2021. Se seleccionaron cuatro estaciones como estaciones de muestreo fijas y el tiempo de muestreo varió de 6 horas a 12 horas. Debido al riesgo de partículas finas y la posibilidad de su impacto en la salud humana, en este estudio se examinaron PM 0.4 y PM 2.5 . Para el muestreo se utilizó un amortiguador virtual de etapas múltiples que atrapa partículas en placas de acero con un flujo de aire constante. Se utilizaron los métodos Microscopio Electrónico de Barrido (SEM) y Espectrometría de Masas de Plasma Acoplado Inductivamente (ICP-MS) para estudiar el tamaño, la morfología y la composición química y analizar la concentración total de material particulado (PM). Los resultados mostraron que en la mayoría de las estaciones, la penetración de partículas exteriores en el edificio en la estación fría fue mayor que en la estación cálida. Debido al uso de ventilación natural en la mayoría de los edificios residenciales del área de estudio, la relación I/O de PM 2.5 y PM 0.4 fue en promedio superior a 0.752. En algunas estaciones en marzo, abril y mayo, la relación I/O fue superior a 0.965. De acuerdo con estos resultados, en el área oriente, la exposición a material particulado (PM) con un diámetro menor a 0.4 µm fue mayor que en otras áreas. Asimismo, los resultados mostraron que el efecto promedio del factor de ventilación durante el año fue del orden del 38.4%. En tanto, esta cantidad fue de 19.4 y 13% para los factores de cocción y actividad, respectivamente. El efecto promedio de los factores de vida del edificio y tabaquismo fue de 7.6 y 21.6%, respectivamente. Los resultados del método SEM mostraron que la penetración de contaminantes en el exterior del edificio tiene un gran efecto sobre la concentración de partículas en el interior. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Instituto de Geofísica http://revistagi.geofisica.unam.mx/index.php/RGI/article/view/1714 10.22201/igeof.2954436xe.2023.62.3.1714 |
| spellingShingle | Assessment of Indoor/outdoor Particulate Matter in Residential Building: Tehran Metropolis, Iran Oroji, Balal Edificio residencial Concentración interior/exterior PM≤0,4 PM2,5 SEM/EDX Residential Building Indoor/Outdoor concentration PM0.4; PM2.5 SEM |
| status_str | publishedVersion |
| title | Assessment of Indoor/outdoor Particulate Matter in Residential Building: Tehran Metropolis, Iran |
| title_full | Assessment of Indoor/outdoor Particulate Matter in Residential Building: Tehran Metropolis, Iran |
| title_fullStr | Assessment of Indoor/outdoor Particulate Matter in Residential Building: Tehran Metropolis, Iran |
| title_full_unstemmed | Assessment of Indoor/outdoor Particulate Matter in Residential Building: Tehran Metropolis, Iran |
| title_short | Assessment of Indoor/outdoor Particulate Matter in Residential Building: Tehran Metropolis, Iran |
| title_sort | Assessment of Indoor/outdoor Particulate Matter in Residential Building: Tehran Metropolis, Iran |
| topic | Edificio residencial Concentración interior/exterior PM≤0,4 PM2,5 SEM/EDX Residential Building Indoor/Outdoor concentration PM0.4; PM2.5 SEM |
| topic_facet | Edificio residencial Concentración interior/exterior PM≤0,4 PM2,5 SEM/EDX Residential Building Indoor/Outdoor concentration PM0.4; PM2.5 SEM |
| url | http://revistagi.geofisica.unam.mx/index.php/RGI/article/view/1714 |