CRISPR for accelerating genetic gains in under-utilized crops of the drylands: Progress and prospects
Technologies and innovations are critical for addressing the future food system needs where genetic resources are an essential component of the change process. Advanced breeding tools like “genome editing” are vital for modernizing crop breeding to provide game-changing solutions to some of the “mus...
| Autores: | ; ; ; ; |
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| Tipo de documento: | Artículo |
| Estado: | Published version |
| Fecha de publicación: | 2022 |
| País: | México |
| Institución: | CIMMYT |
| Repositorio: | Repositorio Institucional de Publicaciones Multimedia del CIMMYT |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:repository.cimmyt.org:10883/22285 |
| Acceso en línea: | https://hdl.handle.net/10883/22285 |
| Nivel de acceso: | Acceso abierto |
| Palabra clave: | AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES AND BIOTECHNOLOGY CRISPR/Cas9 New Breeding Technologies Underutilized Crops AGRICULTURE VIGNA SUBTERRANEA BREEDING CASSAVA CHENOPODIUM QUINOA CRISPR CROP IMPROVEMENT ECONOMIC ASPECTS FOOD SECURITY GENE EDITING GENETIC GAIN GENETIC RESOURCES MILLETS NUTRITIVE VALUE VELOCITY GREEN REVOLUTION SPEED BREEDING |
| Sumario: | Technologies and innovations are critical for addressing the future food system needs where genetic resources are an essential component of the change process. Advanced breeding tools like “genome editing” are vital for modernizing crop breeding to provide game-changing solutions to some of the “must needed” traits in agriculture. CRISPR/Cas-based tools have been rapidly repurposed for editing applications based on their improved efficiency, specificity and reduced off-target effects. Additionally, precise gene-editing tools such as base editing, prime editing, and multiplexing provide precision in stacking of multiple traits in an elite variety, and facilitating specific and targeted crop improvement. This has helped in advancing research and delivery of products in a short time span, thereby enhancing the rate of genetic gains. A special focus has been on food security in the drylands through crops including millets, teff, fonio, quinoa, Bambara groundnut, pigeonpea and cassava. While these crops contribute significantly to the agricultural economy and resilience of the dryland, improvement of several traits including increased stress tolerance, nutritional value, and yields are urgently required. Although CRISPR has potential to deliver disruptive innovations, prioritization of traits should consider breeding product profiles and market segments for designing and accelerating delivery of locally adapted and preferred crop varieties for the drylands. In this context, the scope of regulatory environment has been stated, implying the dire impacts of unreasonable scrutiny of genome-edited plants on the evolution and progress of much-needed technological advances. |
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