Mapping genomic loci implicates genes and synaptic biology in schizophrenia

Schizophrenia has a heritability of 60-80%(1), much of which is attributable to common risk alleles. Here, in a two-stage genome-wide association study of up to 76,755 individuals with schizophrenia and 243,649 control individuals, we report common variant associations at 287 distinct genomic loci....

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Authors: Trubetskoy V.; Pardiñas A.F.; Qi T.; Panagiotaropoulou G.; Awasthi S.; Bigdeli T.B.; Chen C.-Y.; Dennison C.A.; Hall L.S.; Lam M.; Watanabe K.; Frei O.; Ge T.; Harwood J.C.; Magnusson S.; Richards A.L.; Sidorenko J.; Wu Y.; Zeng J.; Grove J.; Kim M.; Li Z.; Voloudakis G.; Zhang W.; Adams M.; Agartz I.; Atkinson E.G.; Agerbo E.; Al Eissa M.; Albus M.; Alexander M.; Alizadeh B.Z.; Alptekin K.; Als T.D.; Amin F.; Arolt V.; Arrojo M.; Athanasiu L.; Azevedo M.H.; Bacanu S.A.; Bass N.J.; Begemann M.; Belliveau R.A.; Bene J.; Benyamin B.; Bergen S.E.; Blasi G.; Bobes J.; Bonassi S.; Braun A.; Bressan R.A.; Bromet E.J.; Bruggeman R.; Buckley P.F.; Buckner R.L.; Bybjerg-Grauholm J.; Cahn W.; Cairns M.J.; Calkins M.E.; Carr V.J.; Castle D.; Catts S.V.; Chambert K.D.; Chan R.C.K.; Chaumette B.; Cheng W.; Cheung E.F.C.; Chong S.A.; Cohen D.; Consoli A.; Cordeiro Q.; Costas J.; Curtis C.; Davidson M.; Davis K.L.; Degenhardt F.; DeLisi L.E.; Demontis D.; Dickerson F.; Dikeos D.; Dinan T.; Djurovic S.; Duan J.; Ducci G.; Dudbridge F.; Eriksson J.G.; Fañanás L.; Faraone S.V.; Fiorentino A.; Forstner A.; Frank J.; Freimer N.B.; Frustaci A.; Gadelha A.; Genovese G.; Gershon E.S.; Giannitelli M.; Giegling I.; Giusti-Rodríguez P.; Godard S.; Goldstein J.I.; González Peñas J.; González-Pinto A.; Gopal S.; Gratten J.; Green M.F.; Greenwood T.A.; Guillin O.; Gülöksüz S.; Gur R.E.; Gur R.C.; Gutiérrez B.; Hahn E.; Hakonarson H.; Haroutunian V.; Hartmann A.M.; Harvey C.; Hayward C.; Henskens F.A.; Herms S.; Hoffmann P.; Howrigan D.P.; Ikeda M.; Joa I.; Julià A.; Kähler A.K.; Kam-Thong T.; Kamatani Y.; Karachanak-Yankova S.; Kebir O.; Keller M.C.; Kelly B.J.; Khrunin A.; Kim S.-W.; Klovins J.; Kondratiev N.; Konte B.; Kraft J.; Kubo M.; Kucinskas V.; Kucinskiene Z.A.; Kusumawardhani A.; Kuzelova-Ptackova H.; Landi S.; Lazzeroni L.C.; Lee P.H.; Legge S.E.; Lehrer D.S.; Lencer R.; Lerer B.; Lieberman J.; Light G.A.; Limborska S.; Liu C.-M.; Lönnqvist J.; Loughland C.M.; Lubinski J.; Luykx J.J.; Lynham A.; Macek M.; Jr; Mackinnon A.; Magnusson P.K.E.; Maher B.S.; Maier W.; Malaspina D.; Mallet J.; Marder S.R.; Marsal S.; Martin A.R.; Martorell L.; Mattheisen M.; McCarley R.W.; McDonald C.; McGrath J.J.; Medeiros H.; Meier S.; Melegh B.; Melle I.; Mesholam-Gately R.I.; Metspalu A.; Michie P.T.; Milani L.; Milanova V.; Mitjans M.; Molden E.; Molina E.; Molto M.D.; Mondelli V.; Moreno C.; Morley C.P.; Muntané G.; Murphy K.C.; Myin-Germeys I.; Nenadic I.; Nestadt G.; Nikitina-Zake L.; Noto C.; Nuechterlein K.H.; O’Brien N.L.; O’Neill F.A.; Oh S.-Y.; Olincy A.; Ota V.K.; Pantelis C.; Papadimitriou G.N.; Parellada M.; Paunio T.; Pellegrino R.; Periyasamy S.; Perkins D.O.; Pfuhlmann B.; Pietiläinen O.; Pimm J.; Porteous D.; Powell J.F.; Quattrone D.; Quested D.; Radant A.D.; Rampino A.; Rapaport M.H.; Rautanen A.; Reichenberg A.; Roe C.; Roffman J.L.; Roth J.; Rothermundt M.; Rutten B.P.F.; Saker-Delye S.; Salomaa V.; Sanjuan J.; Santoro M.L.; Savitz A.; Schall U.; Scott R.J.; Seidman L.J.; Sharp S.I.; Shi J.; Siever L.J.; Sigurdsson E.; Sim K.; Skarabis N.; Slominsky P.; So H.-C.; Sobell J.L.; Söderman E.; Stain H.J.; Steen N.E.; Steixner-Kumar A.A.; Stögmann E.; Stone W.S.; Straub R.E.; Streit F.; Strengman E.; Stroup T.S.; Subramaniam M.; Sugar C.A.; Suvisaari J.; Svrakic D.M.; Swerdlow N.R.; Szatkiewicz J.P.; Ta T.M.T.; Takahashi A.; Terao C.; Thibaut F.; Toncheva D.; Tooney P.A.; Torretta S.; Tosato S.; Tura G.B.; Turetsky B.I.; Üçok A.; Vaaler A.; Veijola J.; Waddington J.; Walter H.; Waterreus A.; Webb B.T.; Weiser M.; Williams N.M.; Witt S.H.; Wormley B.K.; Wu J.Q.; Xu Z.; Yolken R.; Zai C.C.; Zhou W.; Zhu F.; Zimprich F.; Atbasoglu E.C.; Ayub M.; Benner C.; Bertolino A.; Black D.W.; Bray N.J.; Breen G.; Buccola N.G.; Byerley W.F.; Chen W.J.; Cloninger C.R.; Crespo-Facorro B.; Donohoe G.; Freedman R.; Galletly C.; Gandal M.J.; Gennarelli M.; Hougaard D.M.; Hwu H.-G.; Jablensky A.V.; McCarroll S.A.; Moran J.L.; Mors O.; Mortensen P.B.; Müller-Myhsok B.; Neil A.L.; Nordentoft M.; Pato M.T.; Petryshen T.L.; Pirinen M.; Pulver A.E.; Schulze T.G.; Silverman J.M.; Smoller J.W.; Stahl E.A.; Tsuang D.W.; Vilella E.; Wang S.-H.; Xu S.; Dai N.; Wenwen Q.; Agiananda F.; Amir N.; Antoni R.; Arsianti T.; Asmarahadi A.; Diatri H.; Djatmiko P.; Irmansyah I.; Khalimah S.; Kusumadewi I.; Kusumaningrum P.; Lukman P.R.; Nasrun M.W.; Safyuni N.S.; Prasetyawan P.; Semen G.; Siste K.; Tobing H.; Widiasih N.; Wiguna T.; Wulandari D.; Evalina N.; Hananto A.J.; Ismoyo J.H.; Marini T.M.; Henuhili S.; Reza M.; Yusnadewi S.; Abyzov A.; Akbarian S.; Ashley-Koch A.; van Bakel H.; Breen M.; Brown M.; Bryois J.; Carlyle B.; Charney A.; Coetzee G.; Crawford G.; Dracheva S.; Emani P.; Farnham P.; Fromer M.; Galeev T.; Gandal M.; Gerstein M.; Giase G.; Girdhar K.; Goes F.; Grennan K.; Gu M.; Guerra B.; Gursoy G.; Hoffman G.; Hyde T.; Jaffe A.; Jiang S.; Jiang Y.; Kefi A.; Kim Y.; Kitchen R.; Lay F.; Lee D.; Li M.; Liu C.; Liu S.; Mattei E.; Navarro F.; Pan X.; Peters M.A.; Pinto D.; Pochareddy S.; Polioudakis D.; Purcaro M.; Purcell S.; Pratt H.; Reddy T.; Rhie S.; Rozowsky J.; Sanders S.; Sestan N.; Sethi A.; Shi X.; Shieh A.; Swarup V.; Szekely A.; Wang D.; Warrell J.; Weissman S.; Weng Z.; White K.; Wiseman J.; Witt H.; Won H.; Wood S.; Wu F.; Xu X.; Yao L.; Zandi P.; Arranz M.J.; Bakker S.; Bender S.; Crepo-Facorro B.; Hall J.; Iyegbe C.; Kahn R.; Lawrie S.; Lewis C.; Lin K.; Linszen D.H.; Mata I.; Walshe M.; Weisbrod M.; Achsel T.; Andres-Alonso M.; Bagni C.; Bayés À.; Biederer T.; Brose N.; Brown T.C.; Chua J.J.E.; Coba M.P.; Cornelisse L.N.; de Jong A.P.H.; de Juan-Sanz J.; Dieterich D.C.; Feng G.; Goldschmidt H.L.; Gundelfinger E.D.; Hoogenraad C.; Huganir R.L.; Imig C.; Jahn R.; Jung H.; Kaeser P.S.; Kim E.; Koopmans F.; Kreutz M.R.; Lipstein N.; MacGillavry H.D.; Malenka R.; McPherson P.S.; O’Connor V.; Pielot R.; Ryan T.A.; Sahasrabudhe D.; Sala C.; Sheng M.; Smalla K.-H.; Smit A.B.; Südhof T.C.; Thomas P.D.; Toonen R.F.; van Weering J.R.T.; Verpelli C.; Adolfsson R.; Arango C.; Baune B.T.; Belangero S.I.; Børglum A.D.; Braff D.; Bramon E.; Buxbaum J.D.; Campion D.; Cervilla J.A.; Cichon S.; Collier D.A.; Corvin A.; Curtis D.; Forti M.D.; Domenici E.; Ehrenreich H.; Escott-Price V.; Esko T.; Fanous A.H.; Gawlik M.; Gejman P.V.; Gill M.; Glatt S.J.; Golimbet V.; Hong K.S.; Hultman C.M.; Hyman S.E.; Iwata N.; Jönsson E.G.; Kahn R.S.; Kennedy J.L.; Khusnutdinova E.; Kirov G.; Knowles J.A.; Krebs M.-O.; Laurent-Levinson C.; Lee J.; Lencz T.; Levinson D.F.; Li Q.S.; Liu J.; Malhotra A.K.; Malhotra D.; McIntosh A.; McQuillin A.; Menezes P.R.; Morgan V.A.; Morris D.W.; Mowry B.J.; Murray R.M.; Nimgaonkar V.; Nöthen M.M.; Ophoff R.A.; Paciga S.A.; Palotie A.; Pato C.N.; Qin S.; Rietschel M.; Riley B.P.; Rivera M.; Rujescu D.; Saka M.C.; Sanders A.R.; Schwab S.G.; Serretti A.; Sham P.C.; Stefánsson H.; Stefansson K.; Tsuang M.T.; Vawter M.P.; Weinberger D.R.; Werge T.; Wildenauer D.B.; Yu X.; Yue W.; Holmans P.A.; Pocklington A.J.; Roussos P.; Vassos E.; Verhage M.; Visscher P.M.; Yang J.; Posthuma D.; Andreassen O.A.; Kendler K.S.; Owen M.J.; Wray N.R.; Daly M.J.; Huang H.; Neale B.M.; Sullivan P.F.; Ripke S.; Walters J.T.R.; O’Donovan M.C.; de Haan L.; van Amelsvoort T.; van Winkel R.; Gareeva A.; Shi Y.; St Clair D.; van Os J.; PsychENCODE
Format: Article
Status:Published version
Publication date:2022
Country:España
Institution:Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau)
Repository:r-IIB SANT PAU. Repositorio Institucional de Producción Científica del Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Sant Pau
OAI Identifier:oai:iibsantpau.fundanetsuite.com:p15352
Online Access:https://iibsantpau.fundanetsuite.com/Publicaciones/ProdCientif/PublicacionFrw.aspx?id=15352
http://hdl.handle.net/10261/272315
Access Level:Open access
Keyword:allele
biological processes
cell
differentiation
genomics
heritability
Article
BCL11B gene
brain region
CACNA1C gene
cell differentiation
central nervous system
comorbidity
developmental disorder
disease association
excitatory neuron
FAM120A gene
FOXP1 gene
gene expression regulation
gene identification
gene locus
gene mapping
gene mutation
gene set enrichment analysis
gene structure
genetic association
genetic risk score
genetic variability
genome-wide association study
GRIN2A gene
human
inhibitory neuron
MYT1L gene
nerve cell
nervous system function
neurologic disease
neuropathology
neurotransmission
nonhuman
ontology
receptor gene
regulator gene
RERE gene
schizophrenia
single nucleotide polymorphism
SLC39A8 gene
SP4 gene
synaptic membrane
genetic predisposition
genetics
Alleles
Genetic Predisposition to Disease
Genome-Wide Association Study
Genomics
Humans
Polymorph
Description
Summary:Schizophrenia has a heritability of 60-80%(1), much of which is attributable to common risk alleles. Here, in a two-stage genome-wide association study of up to 76,755 individuals with schizophrenia and 243,649 control individuals, we report common variant associations at 287 distinct genomic loci. Associations were concentrated in genes that are expressed in excitatory and inhibitory neurons of the central nervous system, but not in other tissues or cell types. Using fine-mapping and functional genomic data, we identify120 genes (106 protein-coding) that are likely to underpin associations at some of these loci, including16 genes with credible causal non-synonymous or untranslated region variation. We also implicate fundamental processes related to neuronal function, including synaptic organization, differentiation and transmission. Fine-mapped candidates were enriched for genes associated with rare disruptive coding variants in people with schizophrenia, including the glutamate receptor subunit GRIN2A and transcription factorSP4, and were also enriched for genes implicated by such variants in neurodevelopmental disorders. We identify biological processes relevant to schizophrenia pathophysiology; show convergence of common and rare variant associations in schizophrenia and neurodevelopmental disorders; and provide a resource of prioritized genes and variants to advance mechanistic studies.