Mixing of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) enhances structural heterogeneity, and the effect increases with water availability
The mixing of tree species with complementary ecological traits may modify forest functioning regarding productivity, stability, or resilience against disturbances. This may be achieved by a higher heterogeneity in stand structure which is often addressed but rarely quantified. Here, we use 32 tripl...
| Authors: | ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Status: | Submitted version |
| Publication date: | 2016 |
| Country: | España |
| Institution: | Varias* (Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya) |
| Repository: | Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunya |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:recercat.cat:10459.1/68413 |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2016.04.043 http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/68413 |
| Access Level: | Open access |
| Keyword: | Additive mixing effect Multiplicative mixing effect Morphological variability Stand density Tree size inequality Overyielding |
| _version_ | 1878738305755906048 |
|---|---|
| author | Pretzsch, Hans |
| author2 | del Río, Miren Schütze, Gerhard Ammer, Christian Annighöfer, P. Avdagic, A. Barbeito, I. Bielak, Kamil Brazaitis, G. Coll Mir, Lluís Drössler, L. Fabrika, M. Forrester, David I. Kurylyak, Viktor Löf, Magnus Lombardi, Fabio Matović, Bratislav Mohren, Frits Motta, R. den Ouden, Jan Pach, Maciej Ponette, Quentin Skrzyszewski, J. Srámek, V. Sterba, Hubert Svoboda, M. Verheyen, Kris Zlatanov, Tzvetan Bravo-Oviedo, A. |
| author2_role | author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author |
| author_browse | Ammer, Christian Annighöfer, P. Avdagic, A. Barbeito, I. Bielak, Kamil Bravo-Oviedo, A. Brazaitis, G. Coll Mir, Lluís Drössler, L. Fabrika, M. Forrester, David I. Kurylyak, Viktor Lombardi, Fabio Löf, Magnus Matović, Bratislav Mohren, Frits Motta, R. Pach, Maciej Ponette, Quentin Pretzsch, Hans Schütze, Gerhard Skrzyszewski, J. Srámek, V. Sterba, Hubert Svoboda, M. Verheyen, Kris Zlatanov, Tzvetan del Río, Miren den Ouden, Jan |
| author_facet | Pretzsch, Hans del Río, Miren Schütze, Gerhard Ammer, Christian Annighöfer, P. Avdagic, A. Barbeito, I. Bielak, Kamil Brazaitis, G. Coll Mir, Lluís Drössler, L. Fabrika, M. Forrester, David I. Kurylyak, Viktor Löf, Magnus Lombardi, Fabio Matović, Bratislav Mohren, Frits Motta, R. den Ouden, Jan Pach, Maciej Ponette, Quentin Skrzyszewski, J. Srámek, V. Sterba, Hubert Svoboda, M. Verheyen, Kris Zlatanov, Tzvetan Bravo-Oviedo, A. |
| author_role | author |
| collection | Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunya |
| description | The mixing of tree species with complementary ecological traits may modify forest functioning regarding productivity, stability, or resilience against disturbances. This may be achieved by a higher heterogeneity in stand structure which is often addressed but rarely quantified. Here, we use 32 triplets of mature and fully stocked monocultures and mixed stands of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) located along a productivity and water availability gradient through Europe to examine how mixing modifies the stand structure in terms of stand density, horizontal tree distribution pattern, vertical stand structure, size distribution pattern, and variation in tree morphology. We further analyze how site conditions modify these aspects of stand structure. For this typical mixture of a light demanding and shade tolerant species we show that (i) mixing significantly increases many aspects of structural heterogeneity compared with monocultures, (ii) mixing effects such as an increase of stand density and diversification of vertical structure and tree morphology are caused by species identity (additive effects) but also by species interactions (multiplicative effects), and (iii) superior heterogeneity of mixed stands over monocultures can increase from dry to moist sites. We discuss the implications for analyzing the productivity, for modelling and for the management of mixed species stands. |
| eu_rights_str_mv | openAccess |
| format | article |
| id | ES_acdbab643165d628cf8a0d06a06363f6 |
| institution | Varias* (Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya) |
| instname_str | Varias* (Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya) |
| network_acronym_str | ES |
| network_name_str | España |
| oai_identifier_str | oai:recercat.cat:10459.1/68413 |
| publishDate | 2016 |
| publishDateSort | 2016 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| publisherStr | Elsevier |
| reponame_str | Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunya |
| spelling | Mixing of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) enhances structural heterogeneity, and the effect increases with water availability Pretzsch, Hans del Río, Miren Schütze, Gerhard Ammer, Christian Annighöfer, P. Avdagic, A. Barbeito, I. Bielak, Kamil Brazaitis, G. Coll Mir, Lluís Drössler, L. Fabrika, M. Forrester, David I. Kurylyak, Viktor Löf, Magnus Lombardi, Fabio Matović, Bratislav Mohren, Frits Motta, R. den Ouden, Jan Pach, Maciej Ponette, Quentin Skrzyszewski, J. Srámek, V. Sterba, Hubert Svoboda, M. Verheyen, Kris Zlatanov, Tzvetan Bravo-Oviedo, A. Additive mixing effect Multiplicative mixing effect Morphological variability Stand density Tree size inequality Overyielding The mixing of tree species with complementary ecological traits may modify forest functioning regarding productivity, stability, or resilience against disturbances. This may be achieved by a higher heterogeneity in stand structure which is often addressed but rarely quantified. Here, we use 32 triplets of mature and fully stocked monocultures and mixed stands of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) located along a productivity and water availability gradient through Europe to examine how mixing modifies the stand structure in terms of stand density, horizontal tree distribution pattern, vertical stand structure, size distribution pattern, and variation in tree morphology. We further analyze how site conditions modify these aspects of stand structure. For this typical mixture of a light demanding and shade tolerant species we show that (i) mixing significantly increases many aspects of structural heterogeneity compared with monocultures, (ii) mixing effects such as an increase of stand density and diversification of vertical structure and tree morphology are caused by species identity (additive effects) but also by species interactions (multiplicative effects), and (iii) superior heterogeneity of mixed stands over monocultures can increase from dry to moist sites. We discuss the implications for analyzing the productivity, for modelling and for the management of mixed species stands. The networking in this study has been supported by COST Action FP1206 EuMIXFOR. All contributors thank their national funding institutions and the woodland owners for agreeing to establish, measure, and analyze data from the triplets. The first author also thanks the Bayerischen Staatsforsten (BaySF) for supporting the establishment of the plots, the Bavarian State Ministry for Nutrition, Agriculture, and Forestry for permanent support of the project W 07 “Long-term experimental plots for forest growth and yield research” (# 7831-22209-2013) and the German Science Foundation for providing the funds for the projects PR 292/12-1 “Tree and stand-level growth reactions on drought in mixed versus pure forests of Norway spruce and European beech”. The second author thanks the COST Action FP1206 EuMIXFOR for funding the STSM FP1206-160714-045064, and the Spanish project AGL2014-51964-C2-2-R. Elsevier https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2016.04.043 http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/68413 |
| spellingShingle | Mixing of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) enhances structural heterogeneity, and the effect increases with water availability Pretzsch, Hans Additive mixing effect Multiplicative mixing effect Morphological variability Stand density Tree size inequality Overyielding |
| status_str | submittedVersion |
| title | Mixing of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) enhances structural heterogeneity, and the effect increases with water availability |
| title_full | Mixing of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) enhances structural heterogeneity, and the effect increases with water availability |
| title_fullStr | Mixing of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) enhances structural heterogeneity, and the effect increases with water availability |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mixing of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) enhances structural heterogeneity, and the effect increases with water availability |
| title_short | Mixing of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) enhances structural heterogeneity, and the effect increases with water availability |
| title_sort | Mixing of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) enhances structural heterogeneity, and the effect increases with water availability |
| topic | Additive mixing effect Multiplicative mixing effect Morphological variability Stand density Tree size inequality Overyielding |
| topic_facet | Additive mixing effect Multiplicative mixing effect Morphological variability Stand density Tree size inequality Overyielding |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2016.04.043 http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/68413 |