Global maps of soil temperature
Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions o...
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| Tipo de documento: | Artículo |
| Estado: | Published version |
| Fecha de publicación: | 2022 |
| País: | España |
| Institución: | Universidad de Zaragoza |
| Repositorio: | Zaguán. Repositorio Digital de la Universidad de Zaragoza |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:zaguan.unizar.es:125734 |
| Acceso en línea: | http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/125734 |
| Nivel de acceso: | Acceso abierto |
| _version_ | 1878736367799762944 |
|---|---|
| author | Lembrechts JJ |
| author2 | van den Hoogen J Aalto J Ashcroft MB De Frenne P Kemppinen J Kopecký M Luoto M Maclean IMD Crowther TW Bailey JJ Haesen S Klinges DH Niittynen P Scheffers BR Van Meerbeek K Aartsma P Abdalaze O Abedi M Aerts R Ahmadian N Ahrends A Alatalo JM Alexander JM Nina Allonsius C Altman J Ammann C Andres C Andrews C Ardö J Arriga N Arzac A Aschero V Assis RL Johann Assmann J Bader MY Bahalkeh K Barancok P Barrio IC Barros A Barthel M Basham EW Bauters M Bazzichetto M Belelli Marchesini L Bell MC Benavides JC Luis Benito Alonso J Berauer BJ Bjerke JW Björk RG Björkman MP Björnsdóttir K Blonder B Boeckx P Boike J Bokhorst S Brum BNS Bruna J Buchmann N Buysse P Luís Camargo J Campoe OC Candan O Canessa R Cannone N Carbognani M Carnicer J Casanova-Katny A Cesarz S Chojnicki B Choler P Chown SL Cifuentes EF Ciliak M Contador T Convey P Cooper EJ Cremonese E Curasi SR Curtis R Cutini M Johan Dahlberg C Daskalova GN Angel de Pablo M Della Chiesa S Dengler J Deronde B Descombes P Di Cecco V Di Musciano M Dick J Dimarco RD Dolezal J Dorrepaal E Dušek J Eisenhauer N Eklundh L Erickson TE Erschbamer B Eugster W Ewers RM Exton DA Fanin N Fazlioglu F Feigenwinter I Fenu G Ferlian O Rosa Fernández Calzado M Fernández-Pascual E Finckh M Finger Higgens R Forte TGW Freeman EC Frei ER Fuentes-Lillo E García RA García MB Géron C Gharun M Ghosn D Gigauri K Gobin A Goded I Goeckede M Gottschall F Goulding K Govaert S Jessen Graae B Greenwood S Greiser C Grelle A Guénard B Guglielmin M Guillemot J Haase P Haider S Halbritter AH Hamid M Hammerle A Hampe A Haugum SV Hederová L Heinesch B Helfter C Hepenstrick D Herberich M Herbst M Hermanutz L Hik DS Hoffrén R Homeier J Hörtnagl L Høye TT Hrbacek F Hylander K Iwata H Antoni Jackowicz-Korczynski M Jactel H Järveoja J Jastrzebowski S Jentsch A Jiménez JJ Jónsdóttir IS Jucker T Jump AS Juszczak R Kanka R Kašpar V Kazakis G Kelly J Khuroo AA Klemedtsson L Klisz M Kljun N Knohl A Kobler J Kollár J Kotowska MM Kovács B Kreyling J Lamprecht A Lang SI Larson C Larson K Laska K le Maire G Leihy RI Lens L Liljebladh B Lohila A Lorite J Loubet B Lynn J Macek M Mackenzie R Magliulo E Maier R Malfasi F Máliš F Man M Manca G Manco A Manise T Manolaki P Marciniak F Matula R Clara Mazzolari A Medinets S Medinets V Meeussen C Merinero S de Cássia Guimarães Mesquita R Meusburger K Meysman FJR Michaletz ST Milbau A Moiseev D Moiseev P Mondoni A Monfries R Montagnani L Moriana-Armendariz M Morra di Cella U Mörsdorf M Mosedale JR Muffler L Muñoz-Rojas M Myers JA Myers-Smith IH Nagy L Nardino M Naujokaitis-Lewis I Newling E Nicklas L Niedrist G Niessner A Nilsson MB Normand S Nosetto MD Nouvellon Y Nuñez MA Ogaya R Ogée J Okello J Olejnik J Eivind Olesen J Opedal Ø Orsenigo S Palaj A Pampuch |
| author2_role | author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author |
| author_browse | Aalto J Aartsma P Abdalaze O Abedi M Aerts R Ahmadian N Ahrends A Alatalo JM Alexander JM Altman J Ammann C Andres C Andrews C Angel de Pablo M Antoni Jackowicz-Korczynski M Ardö J Arriga N Arzac A Aschero V Ashcroft MB Assis RL Bader MY Bahalkeh K Bailey JJ Barancok P Barrio IC Barros A Barthel M Basham EW Bauters M Bazzichetto M Belelli Marchesini L Bell MC Benavides JC Berauer BJ Bjerke JW Björk RG Björkman MP Björnsdóttir K Blonder B Boeckx P Boike J Bokhorst S Brum BNS Bruna J Buchmann N Buysse P Campoe OC Candan O Canessa R Cannone N Carbognani M Carnicer J Casanova-Katny A Cesarz S Chojnicki B Choler P Chown SL Cifuentes EF Ciliak M Clara Mazzolari A Contador T Convey P Cooper EJ Cremonese E Crowther TW Curasi SR Curtis R Cutini M Daskalova GN De Frenne P Della Chiesa S Dengler J Deronde B Descombes P Di Cecco V Di Musciano M Dick J Dimarco RD Dolezal J Dorrepaal E Dušek J Eisenhauer N Eivind Olesen J Eklundh L Erickson TE Erschbamer B Eugster W Ewers RM Exton DA Fanin N Fazlioglu F Feigenwinter I Fenu G Ferlian O Fernández-Pascual E Finckh M Finger Higgens R Forte TGW Freeman EC Frei ER Fuentes-Lillo E García MB García RA Gharun M Ghosn D Gigauri K Gobin A Goded I Goeckede M Gottschall F Goulding K Govaert S Greenwood S Greiser C Grelle A Guglielmin M Guillemot J Guénard B Géron C Haase P Haesen S Haider S Halbritter AH Hamid M Hammerle A Hampe A Haugum SV Hederová L Heinesch B Helfter C Hepenstrick D Herberich M Herbst M Hermanutz L Hik DS Hoffrén R Homeier J Hrbacek F Hylander K Hörtnagl L Høye TT Iwata H Jactel H Jastrzebowski S Jentsch A Jessen Graae B Jiménez JJ Johan Dahlberg C Johann Assmann J Jucker T Jump AS Juszczak R Järveoja J Jónsdóttir IS Kanka R Kazakis G Kašpar V Kelly J Kemppinen J Khuroo AA Klemedtsson L Klinges DH Klisz M Kljun N Knohl A Kobler J Kollár J Kopecký M Kotowska MM Kovács B Kreyling J Lamprecht A Lang SI Larson C Larson K Laska K Leihy RI Lembrechts JJ Lens L Liljebladh B Lohila A Lorite J Loubet B Luis Benito Alonso J Luoto M Luís Camargo J Lynn J Macek M Mackenzie R Maclean IMD Magliulo E Maier R Malfasi F Man M Manca G Manco A Manise T Manolaki P Marciniak F Matula R Medinets S Medinets V Meeussen C Merinero S Meusburger K Meysman FJR Michaletz ST Milbau A Moiseev D Moiseev P Mondoni A Monfries R Montagnani L Moriana-Armendariz M Morra di Cella U Mosedale JR Muffler L Muñoz-Rojas M Myers JA Myers-Smith IH Máliš F Mörsdorf M Nagy L Nardino M Naujokaitis-Lewis I Newling E Nicklas L Niedrist G Niessner A Niittynen P Nilsson MB Nina Allonsius C Normand S Nosetto MD Nouvellon Y Nuñez MA Ogaya R Ogée J Okello J Olejnik J Opedal Ø Orsenigo S Palaj A Pampuch Rosa Fernández Calzado M Scheffers BR Van Meerbeek K de Cássia Guimarães Mesquita R le Maire G van den Hoogen J |
| author_facet | Lembrechts JJ van den Hoogen J Aalto J Ashcroft MB De Frenne P Kemppinen J Kopecký M Luoto M Maclean IMD Crowther TW Bailey JJ Haesen S Klinges DH Niittynen P Scheffers BR Van Meerbeek K Aartsma P Abdalaze O Abedi M Aerts R Ahmadian N Ahrends A Alatalo JM Alexander JM Nina Allonsius C Altman J Ammann C Andres C Andrews C Ardö J Arriga N Arzac A Aschero V Assis RL Johann Assmann J Bader MY Bahalkeh K Barancok P Barrio IC Barros A Barthel M Basham EW Bauters M Bazzichetto M Belelli Marchesini L Bell MC Benavides JC Luis Benito Alonso J Berauer BJ Bjerke JW Björk RG Björkman MP Björnsdóttir K Blonder B Boeckx P Boike J Bokhorst S Brum BNS Bruna J Buchmann N Buysse P Luís Camargo J Campoe OC Candan O Canessa R Cannone N Carbognani M Carnicer J Casanova-Katny A Cesarz S Chojnicki B Choler P Chown SL Cifuentes EF Ciliak M Contador T Convey P Cooper EJ Cremonese E Curasi SR Curtis R Cutini M Johan Dahlberg C Daskalova GN Angel de Pablo M Della Chiesa S Dengler J Deronde B Descombes P Di Cecco V Di Musciano M Dick J Dimarco RD Dolezal J Dorrepaal E Dušek J Eisenhauer N Eklundh L Erickson TE Erschbamer B Eugster W Ewers RM Exton DA Fanin N Fazlioglu F Feigenwinter I Fenu G Ferlian O Rosa Fernández Calzado M Fernández-Pascual E Finckh M Finger Higgens R Forte TGW Freeman EC Frei ER Fuentes-Lillo E García RA García MB Géron C Gharun M Ghosn D Gigauri K Gobin A Goded I Goeckede M Gottschall F Goulding K Govaert S Jessen Graae B Greenwood S Greiser C Grelle A Guénard B Guglielmin M Guillemot J Haase P Haider S Halbritter AH Hamid M Hammerle A Hampe A Haugum SV Hederová L Heinesch B Helfter C Hepenstrick D Herberich M Herbst M Hermanutz L Hik DS Hoffrén R Homeier J Hörtnagl L Høye TT Hrbacek F Hylander K Iwata H Antoni Jackowicz-Korczynski M Jactel H Järveoja J Jastrzebowski S Jentsch A Jiménez JJ Jónsdóttir IS Jucker T Jump AS Juszczak R Kanka R Kašpar V Kazakis G Kelly J Khuroo AA Klemedtsson L Klisz M Kljun N Knohl A Kobler J Kollár J Kotowska MM Kovács B Kreyling J Lamprecht A Lang SI Larson C Larson K Laska K le Maire G Leihy RI Lens L Liljebladh B Lohila A Lorite J Loubet B Lynn J Macek M Mackenzie R Magliulo E Maier R Malfasi F Máliš F Man M Manca G Manco A Manise T Manolaki P Marciniak F Matula R Clara Mazzolari A Medinets S Medinets V Meeussen C Merinero S de Cássia Guimarães Mesquita R Meusburger K Meysman FJR Michaletz ST Milbau A Moiseev D Moiseev P Mondoni A Monfries R Montagnani L Moriana-Armendariz M Morra di Cella U Mörsdorf M Mosedale JR Muffler L Muñoz-Rojas M Myers JA Myers-Smith IH Nagy L Nardino M Naujokaitis-Lewis I Newling E Nicklas L Niedrist G Niessner A Nilsson MB Normand S Nosetto MD Nouvellon Y Nuñez MA Ogaya R Ogée J Okello J Olejnik J Eivind Olesen J Opedal Ø Orsenigo S Palaj A Pampuch |
| author_role | author |
| collection | Zaguán. Repositorio Digital de la Universidad de Zaragoza |
| description | Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1-km² resolution for 0–5 and 5–15 cm soil depth. These maps were created by calculating the difference (i.e., offset) between in-situ soil temperature measurements, based on time series from over 1200 1-km² pixels (summarized from 8500 unique temperature sensors) across all the world’s major terrestrial biomes, and coarse-grained air temperature estimates from ERA5-Land (an atmospheric reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). We show that mean annual soil temperature differs markedly from the corresponding gridded air temperature, by up to 10°C (mean = 3.0 ± 2.1°C), with substantial variation across biomes and seasons. Over the year, soils in cold and/or dry biomes are substantially warmer (+3.6 ± 2.3°C) than gridded air temperature, whereas soils in warm and humid environments are on average slightly cooler (-0.7 ± 2.3°C). The observed substantial and biome-specific offsets emphasize that the projected impacts of climate and climate change on near-surface biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are inaccurately assessed when air rather than soil temperature is used, especially in cold environments. The global soil-related bioclimatic variables provided here are an important step forward for any application in ecology and related disciplines. Nevertheless, we highlight the need to fill remaining geographic gaps by collecting more in-situ measurements of microclimate conditions to further enhance the spatiotemporal resolution of global soil temperature products for ecological applications. |
| eu_rights_str_mv | openAccess |
| format | article |
| id | ES_8dcb2dd902dad8ac3c41ce1296dc7ae5 |
| institution | Universidad de Zaragoza |
| instname_str | Universidad de Zaragoza |
| network_acronym_str | ES |
| network_name_str | España |
| oai_identifier_str | oai:zaguan.unizar.es:125734 |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| publishDateSort | 2022 |
| reponame_str | Zaguán. Repositorio Digital de la Universidad de Zaragoza |
| spelling | Global maps of soil temperature Lembrechts JJ van den Hoogen J Aalto J Ashcroft MB De Frenne P Kemppinen J Kopecký M Luoto M Maclean IMD Crowther TW Bailey JJ Haesen S Klinges DH Niittynen P Scheffers BR Van Meerbeek K Aartsma P Abdalaze O Abedi M Aerts R Ahmadian N Ahrends A Alatalo JM Alexander JM Nina Allonsius C Altman J Ammann C Andres C Andrews C Ardö J Arriga N Arzac A Aschero V Assis RL Johann Assmann J Bader MY Bahalkeh K Barancok P Barrio IC Barros A Barthel M Basham EW Bauters M Bazzichetto M Belelli Marchesini L Bell MC Benavides JC Luis Benito Alonso J Berauer BJ Bjerke JW Björk RG Björkman MP Björnsdóttir K Blonder B Boeckx P Boike J Bokhorst S Brum BNS Bruna J Buchmann N Buysse P Luís Camargo J Campoe OC Candan O Canessa R Cannone N Carbognani M Carnicer J Casanova-Katny A Cesarz S Chojnicki B Choler P Chown SL Cifuentes EF Ciliak M Contador T Convey P Cooper EJ Cremonese E Curasi SR Curtis R Cutini M Johan Dahlberg C Daskalova GN Angel de Pablo M Della Chiesa S Dengler J Deronde B Descombes P Di Cecco V Di Musciano M Dick J Dimarco RD Dolezal J Dorrepaal E Dušek J Eisenhauer N Eklundh L Erickson TE Erschbamer B Eugster W Ewers RM Exton DA Fanin N Fazlioglu F Feigenwinter I Fenu G Ferlian O Rosa Fernández Calzado M Fernández-Pascual E Finckh M Finger Higgens R Forte TGW Freeman EC Frei ER Fuentes-Lillo E García RA García MB Géron C Gharun M Ghosn D Gigauri K Gobin A Goded I Goeckede M Gottschall F Goulding K Govaert S Jessen Graae B Greenwood S Greiser C Grelle A Guénard B Guglielmin M Guillemot J Haase P Haider S Halbritter AH Hamid M Hammerle A Hampe A Haugum SV Hederová L Heinesch B Helfter C Hepenstrick D Herberich M Herbst M Hermanutz L Hik DS Hoffrén R Homeier J Hörtnagl L Høye TT Hrbacek F Hylander K Iwata H Antoni Jackowicz-Korczynski M Jactel H Järveoja J Jastrzebowski S Jentsch A Jiménez JJ Jónsdóttir IS Jucker T Jump AS Juszczak R Kanka R Kašpar V Kazakis G Kelly J Khuroo AA Klemedtsson L Klisz M Kljun N Knohl A Kobler J Kollár J Kotowska MM Kovács B Kreyling J Lamprecht A Lang SI Larson C Larson K Laska K le Maire G Leihy RI Lens L Liljebladh B Lohila A Lorite J Loubet B Lynn J Macek M Mackenzie R Magliulo E Maier R Malfasi F Máliš F Man M Manca G Manco A Manise T Manolaki P Marciniak F Matula R Clara Mazzolari A Medinets S Medinets V Meeussen C Merinero S de Cássia Guimarães Mesquita R Meusburger K Meysman FJR Michaletz ST Milbau A Moiseev D Moiseev P Mondoni A Monfries R Montagnani L Moriana-Armendariz M Morra di Cella U Mörsdorf M Mosedale JR Muffler L Muñoz-Rojas M Myers JA Myers-Smith IH Nagy L Nardino M Naujokaitis-Lewis I Newling E Nicklas L Niedrist G Niessner A Nilsson MB Normand S Nosetto MD Nouvellon Y Nuñez MA Ogaya R Ogée J Okello J Olejnik J Eivind Olesen J Opedal Ø Orsenigo S Palaj A Pampuch Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1-km² resolution for 0–5 and 5–15 cm soil depth. These maps were created by calculating the difference (i.e., offset) between in-situ soil temperature measurements, based on time series from over 1200 1-km² pixels (summarized from 8500 unique temperature sensors) across all the world’s major terrestrial biomes, and coarse-grained air temperature estimates from ERA5-Land (an atmospheric reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). We show that mean annual soil temperature differs markedly from the corresponding gridded air temperature, by up to 10°C (mean = 3.0 ± 2.1°C), with substantial variation across biomes and seasons. Over the year, soils in cold and/or dry biomes are substantially warmer (+3.6 ± 2.3°C) than gridded air temperature, whereas soils in warm and humid environments are on average slightly cooler (-0.7 ± 2.3°C). The observed substantial and biome-specific offsets emphasize that the projected impacts of climate and climate change on near-surface biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are inaccurately assessed when air rather than soil temperature is used, especially in cold environments. The global soil-related bioclimatic variables provided here are an important step forward for any application in ecology and related disciplines. Nevertheless, we highlight the need to fill remaining geographic gaps by collecting more in-situ measurements of microclimate conditions to further enhance the spatiotemporal resolution of global soil temperature products for ecological applications. http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/125734 |
| spellingShingle | Global maps of soil temperature Lembrechts JJ |
| status_str | publishedVersion |
| title | Global maps of soil temperature |
| title_full | Global maps of soil temperature |
| title_fullStr | Global maps of soil temperature |
| title_full_unstemmed | Global maps of soil temperature |
| title_short | Global maps of soil temperature |
| title_sort | Global maps of soil temperature |
| url | http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/125734 |