The Structure of the Spinal Cord Ependymal Region in Adult Humans Is a Distinctive Trait among Mammals
In species that regenerate the injured spinal cord, the ependymal region is a source of new cells and a prominent coordinator of regeneration. In mammals, cells at the ependymal region proliferate in normal conditions and react after injury, but in humans, the central canal is lost in the majority o...
| Authors: | ; ; ; ; ; ; ; |
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| Format: | Article |
| Status: | Published version |
| Publication date: | 2021 |
| Country: | España |
| Institution: | Varias* (Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya) |
| Repository: | Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunya |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:recercat.cat:2445/180395 |
| Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/2445/180395 |
| Access Level: | Open access |
| Keyword: | Medul·la espinal Mamífers Spinal cord Mammals |
| _version_ | 1878732392136441856 |
|---|---|
| author | Torrillas de la Cal, Alejandro |
| author2 | Paniagua Torija, Beatriz Arevalo Martin, Angel Faulkes, Christopher Guy Jiménez, Antonio Jesús Ferrer, Isidre Molina Holgado, Eduardo Garcia Ovejero, Daniel |
| author2_role | author author author author author author author |
| author_browse | Arevalo Martin, Angel Faulkes, Christopher Guy Ferrer, Isidre Garcia Ovejero, Daniel Jiménez, Antonio Jesús Molina Holgado, Eduardo Paniagua Torija, Beatriz Torrillas de la Cal, Alejandro |
| author_facet | Torrillas de la Cal, Alejandro Paniagua Torija, Beatriz Arevalo Martin, Angel Faulkes, Christopher Guy Jiménez, Antonio Jesús Ferrer, Isidre Molina Holgado, Eduardo Garcia Ovejero, Daniel |
| author_role | author |
| collection | Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunya |
| description | In species that regenerate the injured spinal cord, the ependymal region is a source of new cells and a prominent coordinator of regeneration. In mammals, cells at the ependymal region proliferate in normal conditions and react after injury, but in humans, the central canal is lost in the majority of individuals from early childhood. It is replaced by a structure that does not proliferate after damage and is formed by large accumulations of ependymal cells, strong astrogliosis and perivascular pseudo-rosettes. We inform here of two additional mammals that lose the central canal during their lifetime: the Naked Mole-Rat (NMR, Heterocephalus glaber) and the mutant hyh (hydrocephalus with hop gait) mice. The morphological study of their spinal cords shows that the tissue substituting the central canal is not similar to that found in humans. In both NMR and hyh mice, the central canal is replaced by tissue reminiscent of normal lamina X and may include small groups of ependymal cells in the midline, partially resembling specific domains of the former canal. However, no features of the adult human ependymal remnant are found, suggesting that this structure is a specific human trait. In order to shed some more light on the mechanism of human central canal closure, we provide new data suggesting that canal patency is lost by delamination of the ependymal epithelium, in a process that includes apical polarity loss and the expression of signaling mediators involved in epithelial to mesenchymal transitions. |
| eu_rights_str_mv | openAccess |
| format | article |
| id | ES_422ac7bc7c2dac15697cdbfb2cd7f5e1 |
| institution | Varias* (Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya) |
| instname_str | Varias* (Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya) |
| network_acronym_str | ES |
| network_name_str | España |
| oai_identifier_str | oai:recercat.cat:2445/180395 |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publishDateSort | 2021 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| publisherStr | MDPI AG |
| reponame_str | Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunya |
| spelling | The Structure of the Spinal Cord Ependymal Region in Adult Humans Is a Distinctive Trait among Mammals Torrillas de la Cal, Alejandro Paniagua Torija, Beatriz Arevalo Martin, Angel Faulkes, Christopher Guy Jiménez, Antonio Jesús Ferrer, Isidre Molina Holgado, Eduardo Garcia Ovejero, Daniel Medul·la espinal Mamífers Spinal cord Mammals In species that regenerate the injured spinal cord, the ependymal region is a source of new cells and a prominent coordinator of regeneration. In mammals, cells at the ependymal region proliferate in normal conditions and react after injury, but in humans, the central canal is lost in the majority of individuals from early childhood. It is replaced by a structure that does not proliferate after damage and is formed by large accumulations of ependymal cells, strong astrogliosis and perivascular pseudo-rosettes. We inform here of two additional mammals that lose the central canal during their lifetime: the Naked Mole-Rat (NMR, Heterocephalus glaber) and the mutant hyh (hydrocephalus with hop gait) mice. The morphological study of their spinal cords shows that the tissue substituting the central canal is not similar to that found in humans. In both NMR and hyh mice, the central canal is replaced by tissue reminiscent of normal lamina X and may include small groups of ependymal cells in the midline, partially resembling specific domains of the former canal. However, no features of the adult human ependymal remnant are found, suggesting that this structure is a specific human trait. In order to shed some more light on the mechanism of human central canal closure, we provide new data suggesting that canal patency is lost by delamination of the ependymal epithelium, in a process that includes apical polarity loss and the expression of signaling mediators involved in epithelial to mesenchymal transitions. MDPI AG https://hdl.handle.net/2445/180395 |
| spellingShingle | The Structure of the Spinal Cord Ependymal Region in Adult Humans Is a Distinctive Trait among Mammals Torrillas de la Cal, Alejandro Medul·la espinal Mamífers Spinal cord Mammals |
| status_str | publishedVersion |
| title | The Structure of the Spinal Cord Ependymal Region in Adult Humans Is a Distinctive Trait among Mammals |
| title_full | The Structure of the Spinal Cord Ependymal Region in Adult Humans Is a Distinctive Trait among Mammals |
| title_fullStr | The Structure of the Spinal Cord Ependymal Region in Adult Humans Is a Distinctive Trait among Mammals |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Structure of the Spinal Cord Ependymal Region in Adult Humans Is a Distinctive Trait among Mammals |
| title_short | The Structure of the Spinal Cord Ependymal Region in Adult Humans Is a Distinctive Trait among Mammals |
| title_sort | The Structure of the Spinal Cord Ependymal Region in Adult Humans Is a Distinctive Trait among Mammals |
| topic | Medul·la espinal Mamífers Spinal cord Mammals |
| topic_facet | Medul·la espinal Mamífers Spinal cord Mammals |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/2445/180395 |