Exploring the physiological limits of aging: a case study of the male 50-km world record in the 80+ age category
Aging is associated with declines in cardiorespiratory fitness and endurance performance, but this association is usually confounded by age-related declines in physical activity levels. For this reason, world-class master athletes serve as exceptional models for elucidating the limits of endurance p...
| Authors: | ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; |
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| Format: | Article |
| Publication date: | 2026 |
| Country: | España |
| Institution: | Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha |
| Repository: | RUIdeRA. Repositorio Institucional de la UCLM |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:dnet:ruidera_____::a045dfdd87fa0642a6e4ccf1e8601e6c |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/physiology/articles/10.3389/fphys.2025.1735019/full https://hdl.handle.net/10578/48454 |
| Access Level: | Open access |
| Keyword: | Aging Maximal oxygen consumption NIRS Running Wagner diagram |
| _version_ | 1878729924738547712 |
|---|---|
| author | Pilotto, Andrea M. |
| author2 | Higueras-Liebana, Enrique Ansaldo, Massimiliano Baltasar Fernández, Iván Neri, Marianna Giusti, Letizia Buendía Romero, Ángel Valenzuela Tallón, Pedro Luis Alcázar Caminero, Julián Lauretani, Fulvio Re, Rebecca Botter, Alberto Franchi, Martino V. Ara Royo, Ignacio Porcelli, Simone |
| author2_role | author author author author author author author author author author author author author author |
| author_browse | Alcázar Caminero, Julián Ansaldo, Massimiliano Ara Royo, Ignacio Baltasar Fernández, Iván Botter, Alberto Buendía Romero, Ángel Franchi, Martino V. Giusti, Letizia Higueras-Liebana, Enrique Lauretani, Fulvio Neri, Marianna Pilotto, Andrea M. Porcelli, Simone Re, Rebecca Valenzuela Tallón, Pedro Luis |
| author_facet | Pilotto, Andrea M. Higueras-Liebana, Enrique Ansaldo, Massimiliano Baltasar Fernández, Iván Neri, Marianna Giusti, Letizia Buendía Romero, Ángel Valenzuela Tallón, Pedro Luis Alcázar Caminero, Julián Lauretani, Fulvio Re, Rebecca Botter, Alberto Franchi, Martino V. Ara Royo, Ignacio Porcelli, Simone |
| author_role | author |
| collection | RUIdeRA. Repositorio Institucional de la UCLM |
| description | Aging is associated with declines in cardiorespiratory fitness and endurance performance, but this association is usually confounded by age-related declines in physical activity levels. For this reason, world-class master athletes serve as exceptional models for elucidating the limits of endurance performance in old age.Purpose: To examine the physiological responses to exercise and performance characteristics of an 81-year-old male runner who, in 2025, set a new world record in the 50-km race (4h47m39s, 10.5 km h-1) in the 80+ category.Methods: Two weeks after the world record, maximal O2 uptake (VO?2max), fractional utilization of VO?2max (lactate threshold [LT]), maximal fat oxidation(MFO) and running economy (RE) were assessed through incremental running tests. Limiting factors to VO?2peak were assessed during incremental cyclingexercise by gas exchange, peak cardiac output (Q?peak), and peak fractional O2 extraction of the vastus lateralis (VL) muscle. In vivo VL muscle oxidative capacity and relative resistance to O2 diffusion were estimated using nearinfrared spectroscopy (NIRS) during repeated transient arterial occlusions in well-oxygenated (kHIGH) and low O2 availability (kLOW) conditions.Results: VO?2max was 52.8 mL kg-1·min-1, achieved at 13.2 km h-1. LT was attained at 10.5 km h-1. MFO was 0.55 g·min-1 occurring at 84% of VO?2max and RE was 237.5 mL kg-1·km-1. Cycling VO?2peak was 2.510 L min-1 (42.6 mL kg-1·min-1),Q?peak was 15.3 L min-1, and arterial-venous O2 difference was 16.4 mL dl-1, comparable to fractional O2 extraction around 75% obtained by NIRS. kHIGH was 4.67 min-1 and kLOW was 4.59 min-1, suggesting high oxidative and muscle O2diffusing capacity.Conclusion: The exceptional endurance performance of this master athlete was attributed to his well-preserved VO?2max (to our knowledge the highest recorded in octogenarians, equivalent to the 70th percentile for healthy males aged 20–30 years) and a high fractional utilization of VO?2max, together with a great ability to oxidize fats. Analyses on the limiting factors to VO?2max suggest that his except |
| eu_rights_str_mv | openAccess |
| format | article |
| id | ES_11c70b1be03589e0fe41d1b73ffdda4f |
| institution | Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha |
| instname_str | Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha |
| network_acronym_str | ES |
| network_name_str | España |
| oai_identifier_str | oai:dnet:ruidera_____::a045dfdd87fa0642a6e4ccf1e8601e6c |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| publishDateSort | 2026 |
| publisher | Frontiers |
| publisherStr | Frontiers |
| reponame_str | RUIdeRA. Repositorio Institucional de la UCLM |
| spelling | Exploring the physiological limits of aging: a case study of the male 50-km world record in the 80+ age category Pilotto, Andrea M. Higueras-Liebana, Enrique Ansaldo, Massimiliano Baltasar Fernández, Iván Neri, Marianna Giusti, Letizia Buendía Romero, Ángel Valenzuela Tallón, Pedro Luis Alcázar Caminero, Julián Lauretani, Fulvio Re, Rebecca Botter, Alberto Franchi, Martino V. Ara Royo, Ignacio Porcelli, Simone Aging Maximal oxygen consumption NIRS Running Wagner diagram Aging is associated with declines in cardiorespiratory fitness and endurance performance, but this association is usually confounded by age-related declines in physical activity levels. For this reason, world-class master athletes serve as exceptional models for elucidating the limits of endurance performance in old age.Purpose: To examine the physiological responses to exercise and performance characteristics of an 81-year-old male runner who, in 2025, set a new world record in the 50-km race (4h47m39s, 10.5 km h-1) in the 80+ category.Methods: Two weeks after the world record, maximal O2 uptake (VO?2max), fractional utilization of VO?2max (lactate threshold [LT]), maximal fat oxidation(MFO) and running economy (RE) were assessed through incremental running tests. Limiting factors to VO?2peak were assessed during incremental cyclingexercise by gas exchange, peak cardiac output (Q?peak), and peak fractional O2 extraction of the vastus lateralis (VL) muscle. In vivo VL muscle oxidative capacity and relative resistance to O2 diffusion were estimated using nearinfrared spectroscopy (NIRS) during repeated transient arterial occlusions in well-oxygenated (kHIGH) and low O2 availability (kLOW) conditions.Results: VO?2max was 52.8 mL kg-1·min-1, achieved at 13.2 km h-1. LT was attained at 10.5 km h-1. MFO was 0.55 g·min-1 occurring at 84% of VO?2max and RE was 237.5 mL kg-1·km-1. Cycling VO?2peak was 2.510 L min-1 (42.6 mL kg-1·min-1),Q?peak was 15.3 L min-1, and arterial-venous O2 difference was 16.4 mL dl-1, comparable to fractional O2 extraction around 75% obtained by NIRS. kHIGH was 4.67 min-1 and kLOW was 4.59 min-1, suggesting high oxidative and muscle O2diffusing capacity.Conclusion: The exceptional endurance performance of this master athlete was attributed to his well-preserved VO?2max (to our knowledge the highest recorded in octogenarians, equivalent to the 70th percentile for healthy males aged 20–30 years) and a high fractional utilization of VO?2max, together with a great ability to oxidize fats. Analyses on the limiting factors to VO?2max suggest that his except Frontiers https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/physiology/articles/10.3389/fphys.2025.1735019/full https://hdl.handle.net/10578/48454 |
| spellingShingle | Exploring the physiological limits of aging: a case study of the male 50-km world record in the 80+ age category Pilotto, Andrea M. Aging Maximal oxygen consumption NIRS Running Wagner diagram |
| title | Exploring the physiological limits of aging: a case study of the male 50-km world record in the 80+ age category |
| title_full | Exploring the physiological limits of aging: a case study of the male 50-km world record in the 80+ age category |
| title_fullStr | Exploring the physiological limits of aging: a case study of the male 50-km world record in the 80+ age category |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exploring the physiological limits of aging: a case study of the male 50-km world record in the 80+ age category |
| title_short | Exploring the physiological limits of aging: a case study of the male 50-km world record in the 80+ age category |
| title_sort | Exploring the physiological limits of aging: a case study of the male 50-km world record in the 80+ age category |
| topic | Aging Maximal oxygen consumption NIRS Running Wagner diagram |
| topic_facet | Aging Maximal oxygen consumption NIRS Running Wagner diagram |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/physiology/articles/10.3389/fphys.2025.1735019/full https://hdl.handle.net/10578/48454 |