Study of the Run-3 muon flux at the SND@LHC experiment
Long-range muons produced in proton–proton collisions at the ATLAS interaction point constitute the primary background for neutrino interaction searches at the SND@LHC experiment. This work presents a comprehensive characterization of the muon flux throughout LHC Run-3, benchmarking Monte Carlo simu...
| Autores: | ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; |
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| Tipo de documento: | Artículo |
| Estado: | Published version |
| Fecha de publicación: | 2026 |
| País: | Chile |
| Institución: | Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile |
| Repositorio: | Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:repositorio.uc.cl:11534/109562 |
| Acceso en línea: | https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-026-15875-x https://repositorio.uc.cl/handle/11534/109562 |
| Nivel de acceso: | Acceso abierto |
| Palabra clave: | 510 Matemática física y química |
| _version_ | 1879187163723071488 |
|---|---|
| author | Abbaneo, D |
| author2 | Ahmad, S Albanese, R Alexandrov, A Alicante, F Aloschi, F Androsov, K Anokhina, A Arellano, L. G. Asawatangtrakuldee, C Ayala Torres, M. A. Bangaru, N Battilana, C Bay, A Betancourt, C Bick, D Biswas, R Blanco Castro, A Boccia, V Díaz, Marco A. |
| author2_role | author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author |
| author_browse | Abbaneo, D Ahmad, S Albanese, R Alexandrov, A Alicante, F Aloschi, F Androsov, K Anokhina, A Arellano, L. G. Asawatangtrakuldee, C Ayala Torres, M. A. Bangaru, N Battilana, C Bay, A Betancourt, C Bick, D Biswas, R Blanco Castro, A Boccia, V Díaz, Marco A. |
| author_facet | Abbaneo, D Ahmad, S Albanese, R Alexandrov, A Alicante, F Aloschi, F Androsov, K Anokhina, A Arellano, L. G. Asawatangtrakuldee, C Ayala Torres, M. A. Bangaru, N Battilana, C Bay, A Betancourt, C Bick, D Biswas, R Blanco Castro, A Boccia, V Díaz, Marco A. |
| author_role | author |
| bitstream_url_str_mv | https://repositorio.uc.cl/dspace/bitstreams/58252c1a-081c-4b69-9fd3-53a6726cb380/download https://repositorio.uc.cl/dspace/bitstreams/6b2f0821-6b8a-40b7-bd51-74f38f44e391/download |
| collection | Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile |
| description | Long-range muons produced in proton–proton collisions at the ATLAS interaction point constitute the primary background for neutrino interaction searches at the SND@LHC experiment. This work presents a comprehensive characterization of the muon flux throughout LHC Run-3, benchmarking Monte Carlo simulations against experimental measurements. Measured and simulated muon rates agree within 10–15% across all Run-3 configurations. Following the substantial background increase in 2024 as a result of a beam optics change, the reversion to nominal optics in 2025 did not restore the 2022–2023 levels due to the unprecedented adoption of horizontal crossing in ATLAS. As indicated by simulation results, horizontal crossing enhanced the contribution of high-angle muons originating from diffractive proton losses in the LHC Dispersion Suppressor region. Their identification enabled the design of mitigation strategies that were experimentally validated. The simulation framework was also applied to the future high-luminosity LHC configuration, resulting in a considerable muon rate rise, driven by both the planned luminosity increase and the enlarged magnet aperture. Nevertheless, the upgrade from emulsion films to silicon vertex detectors will preserve the efficiency of the experiment even in such a high-rate environment. |
| eu_rights_str_mv | openAccess |
| format | article |
| id | CL_22cbd439af30f49876f2ed5df70392ac |
| identifier_str_mv | 10.1140/epjc/s10052-026-15875-x |
| institution | Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile |
| instname_str | Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile |
| network_acronym_str | CL |
| network_name_str | Chile |
| oai_identifier_str | oai:repositorio.uc.cl:11534/109562 |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| publishDateSort | 2026 |
| reponame_str | Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile |
| spelling | Study of the Run-3 muon flux at the SND@LHC experiment Abbaneo, D Ahmad, S Albanese, R Alexandrov, A Alicante, F Aloschi, F Androsov, K Anokhina, A Arellano, L. G. Asawatangtrakuldee, C Ayala Torres, M. A. Bangaru, N Battilana, C Bay, A Betancourt, C Bick, D Biswas, R Blanco Castro, A Boccia, V Díaz, Marco A. 510 Matemática física y química Long-range muons produced in proton–proton collisions at the ATLAS interaction point constitute the primary background for neutrino interaction searches at the SND@LHC experiment. This work presents a comprehensive characterization of the muon flux throughout LHC Run-3, benchmarking Monte Carlo simulations against experimental measurements. Measured and simulated muon rates agree within 10–15% across all Run-3 configurations. Following the substantial background increase in 2024 as a result of a beam optics change, the reversion to nominal optics in 2025 did not restore the 2022–2023 levels due to the unprecedented adoption of horizontal crossing in ATLAS. As indicated by simulation results, horizontal crossing enhanced the contribution of high-angle muons originating from diffractive proton losses in the LHC Dispersion Suppressor region. Their identification enabled the design of mitigation strategies that were experimentally validated. The simulation framework was also applied to the future high-luminosity LHC configuration, resulting in a considerable muon rate rise, driven by both the planned luminosity increase and the enlarged magnet aperture. Nevertheless, the upgrade from emulsion films to silicon vertex detectors will preserve the efficiency of the experiment even in such a high-rate environment. 10.1140/epjc/s10052-026-15875-x 1434-6052 https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-026-15875-x https://repositorio.uc.cl/handle/11534/109562 |
| spellingShingle | Study of the Run-3 muon flux at the SND@LHC experiment Abbaneo, D 510 Matemática física y química |
| status_str | publishedVersion |
| title | Study of the Run-3 muon flux at the SND@LHC experiment |
| title_full | Study of the Run-3 muon flux at the SND@LHC experiment |
| title_fullStr | Study of the Run-3 muon flux at the SND@LHC experiment |
| title_full_unstemmed | Study of the Run-3 muon flux at the SND@LHC experiment |
| title_short | Study of the Run-3 muon flux at the SND@LHC experiment |
| title_sort | Study of the Run-3 muon flux at the SND@LHC experiment |
| topic | 510 Matemática física y química |
| topic_facet | 510 Matemática física y química |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-026-15875-x https://repositorio.uc.cl/handle/11534/109562 |