Linamarin-eugenol and its combination as food additive on methanogenic bacteria, fermentation parameters and methane production in vitro
ABSTRACT Secondary plant metabolites (SPMs) can influence the reduction of enteric methane (CH₄) emissions in ruminants. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of supplementing diet with cyanogenic glucoside linamarin (LIN), essential oil eugenol (EU), and their combination (LIN+EU) on metha...
| Autores: | ; ; ; ; ; ; |
|---|---|
| Tipo de documento: | Artículo |
| Estado: | Published version |
| Fecha de publicación: | 2025 |
| País: | Chile |
| Institución: | Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo |
| Repositorio: | SciELO Chile |
| Lenguaje: | Inglés |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:scielo:S0718-58392025000400519 |
| Acceso en línea: | http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-58392025000400519 |
| Nivel de acceso: | Acceso abierto |
| Palabra clave: | Archaea methanogenesis mitigation ruminal metabolism secondary metabolites. |
| Sumario: | ABSTRACT Secondary plant metabolites (SPMs) can influence the reduction of enteric methane (CH₄) emissions in ruminants. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of supplementing diet with cyanogenic glucoside linamarin (LIN), essential oil eugenol (EU), and their combination (LIN+EU) on methanogenic microorganisms, CH₄ production, and rumen fermentation parameters in vitro. The basal diet (BD) (alfalfa [Medicago sativa L.] hay and oat [Avena sativa L.] grain in a 3:1 ratio) was supplemented with LIN, EU, and LIN+EU mixtures and placed in amber bottles. The experimental treatments were: T1, BD (control); T2, BD-LIN (20 mg L⁻¹); T3, BD-LIN (40 mg L⁻¹); T4, BD-EU (400 mg L⁻¹); T5, BD-LIN+EU (20 mg L⁻¹ + 400 mg L⁻¹); and T6, BD-LIN+EU (40 mg L⁻¹ + 400 mg L⁻¹). The treatments were inoculated with rumen fluid and incubated for 6, 12, and 24 h to assess abundance of total bacteria (TB), methanogenic archaea, and ruminal fermentation parameters. The CH₄ production was significantly reduced (p < 0.001) with inclusion of LIN, EU, and LIN+EU, particularly at 12 and 24 h incubation. However, at these same time points, in vitro DM disappearance (IVDMD) was also reduced (p < 0.001), except when LIN was included alone, highlighting its advantage in this variable. Rumen pH remained relatively stable at 6 and 12 h but decreased (p < 0.001) at 24 h with LIN. The pH values ranged between 6.65 (minimum) and 6.85 (maximum), which are optimal for microbial activity. Total bacterial abundance (TB) was not affected (p > 0.05) by treatments, but methanogenic archaea abundance was significantly reduced (p < 0.001) at 24 h with the LIN+EU mixtures (T5 and T6), coinciding with the highest CH₄ reductions of 36.9% and 56.7%, respectively. At 24 h, IVDMD with LIN alone was 51.83%, whereas EU alone resulted in 46.48%. In conclusion, LIN+EU mixtures T5 and T6 had a synergistic effect, effectively reducing CH₄ emissions, demonstrating the combined impact of different SPMs mechanisms of action. |
|---|