Guerra justa e legítima defesa em Michael Walzer
This paper discusses the moral problem of war of “self-defense”, based on the analysis of the contemporary Just War theory by the political philosopher Michael Walzer (1935- ). The re-search is primarily based on the work Just and Unjust Wars: A Moral Argument with Historical Illustrations (1977), S...
| Autor: | |
|---|---|
| Tipo de documento: | Tesis de maestría |
| Estado: | Published version |
| Fecha de publicación: | 2023 |
| País: | Brasil |
| Institución: | UFC |
| Repositorio: | Repositório Institucional da Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC) |
| Lenguaje: | Portugués |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:repositorio.ufc.br:riufc/73290 |
| Acceso en línea: | http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/73290 |
| Nivel de acceso: | Acceso abierto |
| Palabra clave: | Michael Walzer Legítima defesa Guerra justa Paz Self-defense Just war Peace |
| _version_ | 1878765097206153216 |
|---|---|
| author | Souza, Alexandre Soares |
| author_browse | Souza, Alexandre Soares |
| author_facet | Souza, Alexandre Soares |
| author_role | author |
| bitstream_url_str_mv | http://repositorio.ufc.br/bitstream/riufc/73290/3/2023_dis_assouza.pdf http://repositorio.ufc.br/bitstream/riufc/73290/4/license.txt |
| collection | Repositório Institucional da Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC) |
| contributor_str_mv | Sousa, Luís Carlos Silva de |
| description | This paper discusses the moral problem of war of “self-defense”, based on the analysis of the contemporary Just War theory by the political philosopher Michael Walzer (1935- ). The re-search is primarily based on the work Just and Unjust Wars: A Moral Argument with Historical Illustrations (1977), Second Part (The Aggression Theory), in which the American philosopher formulates his moral theory about war, in view of the common language of the people about war, human rights and the role of tradition. How to think of a “self-defense” war in the context of Michael Walzer's theory of aggression? The notion of self-defense is linked to a discussion at the ethical-political level: Walzer considers as prudential the preventive act that aims to hide the aggressor, without this initiative being an example of a mere reflex, or an act motivated exclusively by the desire for retaliation. We argue that the self-defense war must represent an intention to protect the essential rights of the people and the desire for the restoration of a pos-sible peace. Recognition of the need to preserve fundamental rights and community values certainly admitted the existence of a stable and shared moral world, from which the minimum philosophical argument, which problematizes the phenomenon of war, reaches the conclusion that it is not necessarily immoral under all circumstances. This way of theorizing war distances itself from rival theories, which nullify the possibility of ethics in the practice of war. And, objectively, it also distances itself from more consequentialist theories, because it emphasizes individual rights. The work ends by arguing about the need for a culture of peace for the future, critically rethinking the idea of just war, even restricted to the war of self-defense. This rethink-ing must take into account the impasses of the current political organization of international society, which still encourage practices of injustice and hinder the utopia of a solid proposal for peace, in which the notion of war would be abolished. |
| eu_rights_str_mv | openAccess |
| format | masterThesis |
| id | BR_d3d4e023d2a81fc42e85e9fb276c8e53 |
| institution | UFC |
| instname_str | Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC) |
| language | por |
| network_acronym_str | BR |
| network_name_str | Brasil |
| oai_identifier_str | oai:repositorio.ufc.br:riufc/73290 |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| publishDateSort | 2023 |
| reponame_str | Repositório Institucional da Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC) |
| spelling | Guerra justa e legítima defesa em Michael Walzer Just war and self-defense in Michael Walzer Souza, Alexandre Soares Sousa, Luís Carlos Silva de Michael Walzer Legítima defesa Guerra justa Paz Self-defense Just war Peace This paper discusses the moral problem of war of “self-defense”, based on the analysis of the contemporary Just War theory by the political philosopher Michael Walzer (1935- ). The re-search is primarily based on the work Just and Unjust Wars: A Moral Argument with Historical Illustrations (1977), Second Part (The Aggression Theory), in which the American philosopher formulates his moral theory about war, in view of the common language of the people about war, human rights and the role of tradition. How to think of a “self-defense” war in the context of Michael Walzer's theory of aggression? The notion of self-defense is linked to a discussion at the ethical-political level: Walzer considers as prudential the preventive act that aims to hide the aggressor, without this initiative being an example of a mere reflex, or an act motivated exclusively by the desire for retaliation. We argue that the self-defense war must represent an intention to protect the essential rights of the people and the desire for the restoration of a pos-sible peace. Recognition of the need to preserve fundamental rights and community values certainly admitted the existence of a stable and shared moral world, from which the minimum philosophical argument, which problematizes the phenomenon of war, reaches the conclusion that it is not necessarily immoral under all circumstances. This way of theorizing war distances itself from rival theories, which nullify the possibility of ethics in the practice of war. And, objectively, it also distances itself from more consequentialist theories, because it emphasizes individual rights. The work ends by arguing about the need for a culture of peace for the future, critically rethinking the idea of just war, even restricted to the war of self-defense. This rethink-ing must take into account the impasses of the current political organization of international society, which still encourage practices of injustice and hinder the utopia of a solid proposal for peace, in which the notion of war would be abolished. Este trabalho discute o problema moral da guerra de “legítima defesa”, a partir da análise da teoria contemporânea da guerra justa do filósofo político Michael Walzer (1935- ). A pesquisa baseia-se primordialmente na obra Just and Unjust Wars: A Moral Argument with Historical Illustrations (1977), Segunda Parte (The Aggression Theory), na qual o filósofo norte-americano formula a sua teoria moral sobre a guerra, tendo em vista a linguagem comum das pessoas acerca da guerra, os direitos humanos e o papel da tradição. Como pensar uma guerra de “legítima defesa” no contexto da teoria da agressão de Michael Walzer? A noção de legítima defesa está vinculada a uma discussão no plano ético-político: Walzer considera como prudencial o ato preventivo que objetiva surpreender o agressor, sem que esta iniciativa seja um exemplo de mero reflexo, ou de um ato motivado exclusivamente pelo desejo de retaliação. Argumentaremos que a guerra de legítima defesa deve representar a intenção de proteger os direitos essenciais das pessoas e o desejo pelo restabelecimento de uma paz possível. O reconhecimento da necessidade de preservação dos direitos fundamentais e dos valores comunitários pressupõe, certamente, a existência de um mundo moral estável e compartilhado, a partir do qual a argumentação filosófica mínima, que problematiza o fenômeno da guerra, chega à conclusão de que esta não é necessariamente imoral em todas as circunstâncias. Esse modo de teorizar a guerra distancia-se de teorias rivais, que anulam a possibilidade de ética na prática da guerra. E, objetivamente, também se afasta de teorias mais consequencialistas, porque prima pelos direitos individuais. O trabalho termina argumentando sobre a necessidade de uma cultura da paz para o futuro, repensando criticamente a ideia de guerra justa, mesmo restrita à guerra de legítima defesa. Esse repensamento deve ter em vista os impasses da atual organização política da sociedade internacional, que ainda propiciam práticas de injustiça e dificultam a utopia de uma proposta sólida de paz, na qual a noção de guerra seria abolida. SOUZA, Alexandre Soares. Guerra justa e legítima defesa em Michael Walzer. 2023. 104 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Filosofia) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2023. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/73290 |
| spellingShingle | Guerra justa e legítima defesa em Michael Walzer Souza, Alexandre Soares Michael Walzer Legítima defesa Guerra justa Paz Self-defense Just war Peace |
| status_str | publishedVersion |
| title | Guerra justa e legítima defesa em Michael Walzer |
| title_full | Guerra justa e legítima defesa em Michael Walzer |
| title_fullStr | Guerra justa e legítima defesa em Michael Walzer |
| title_full_unstemmed | Guerra justa e legítima defesa em Michael Walzer |
| title_short | Guerra justa e legítima defesa em Michael Walzer |
| title_sort | Guerra justa e legítima defesa em Michael Walzer |
| topic | Michael Walzer Legítima defesa Guerra justa Paz Self-defense Just war Peace |
| topic_facet | Michael Walzer Legítima defesa Guerra justa Paz Self-defense Just war Peace |
| url | http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/73290 |